The UF Helpdesk has provided documentation on configuring the Gmail app on Android smartphones at https://www.mail.ufl.edu/managing-email/connecting-to-email/android-gmail-app/.
The documentation was recently updated to make sure it is compatible with the October 1, 2022 Modern Authentication changes. If you are having issues, make sure you have the latest releases of Android OS and the Gmail app. Additionally, not all devices support the versions of Android OS and the Gmail app which are compatible with Modern Authentication.